Kampala isn’t just Uganda’s capital; it’s a city of stories. These stories unfold across the original seven hills of Kampala, the foundation upon which the city grew.
Each hill is a unique blend of history, culture, and the evolution of a nation. From royal palaces to historic cathedrals, every hill carries a piece of Kampala’s identity.
Today, let’s take a walk through these legendary hills: Mengo, Rubaga, Makerere, Nakasero, Old Kampala, Namirembe, and Kololo—not as a list, but as a journey through time and heritage.
1. Mengo Hill: The Heart of Buganda’s Kingdom
Mengo Hill stands as a testament to the rich tapestry of Buganda’s history, where the echoes of the past reverberate through the present.
At its heart lies the magnificent Mengo Palace (Lubiri), built in 1885 by Kabaka Mwanga II. More than just a residence, the Lubiri is a symbol of royal power, resilience, and cultural identity.
This hallowed ground witnessed a pivotal moment in Ugandan history: the signing of the 1900 Buganda Agreement.
This landmark agreement, negotiated within the confines of the palace, shaped the political landscape of the nation, marking a significant turning point in Uganda’s colonial history.
A testament to the ambition of Kabaka Mwanga II, nearby lies Kabaka’s Lake, a fascinating feat of engineering.
Conceived as a personal pleasure lake with grand plans to connect it to Lake Victoria, the project, while ultimately unfulfilled, remains a testament to the Kabaka’s vision and the ingenuity of his era.
Today, the lake serves as a tranquil oasis within the bustling city, a reminder of the past and a haven of serenity.
At the foot of Namirembe Hill, one encounters Bulange, the seat of Buganda’s Parliament. Built during the reign of Sir Edward Muteesa II, this majestic building remains the nerve center of Buganda’s governance, a symbol of the kingdom’s enduring political influence.
2. Rubaga Hill: The Catholic Stronghold
Rubaga Hill holds a profound spiritual and historical significance for Uganda. Dominating the skyline stands Saint Mary’s Cathedral Rubaga, consecrated in 1925.
This magnificent cathedral, with its stunning neo-Romanesque design, is more than just a place of worship; it’s a testament to the deep roots of Roman Catholicism in Uganda.
The story of the cathedral itself is deeply intertwined with the history of the region.
The land upon which it stands was generously donated by Kabaka Mwanga II, a significant act of cooperation between the Church and the Buganda Kingdom.
Just a stone’s throw away lies Rubaga Hospital, founded in 1899 by the White Sisters.
This pioneering institution has served as a pillar of healthcare in Uganda for over a century, reflecting the enduring legacy of compassion and service associated with Rubaga Hill.
Furthermore, the Pope Paul VI Memorial Hotel, a reminder of the Pope’s historic visit in 1969, stands as a symbol of the enduring ties between Uganda and the Vatican.
Rubaga Hill, therefore, is a testament to the confluence of faith, history, and compassion that has shaped the very fabric of Ugandan society.
3. Makerere Hill: The Pinnacle of Knowledge
Makerere Hill, home to Makerere University, is a beacon of intellectual pursuit, not only for Uganda but for the entire African continent. Established in 1922, it stands as one of Africa’s oldest and most prestigious universities.
The university’s legacy is undeniable, having produced numerous thought leaders and trailblazers across the continent.
Among its impressive alumni are Julius Nyerere, Tanzania’s founding father, and Rwanda’s Paul Kagame, a leader who redefined resilience and progress.
Beyond the university itself, Makerere Hill encompasses the vibrant Wandegeya neighborhood.
This bustling area, teeming with students, markets, and local businesses, reflects the vibrant energy and intellectual pulse of the university.
Wandegeya is a microcosm of Makerere’s impact, a place where ideas are exchanged, cultures collide, and the future of Africa is shaped.
4. Nakasero Hill: The Pulse of Commerce
Rising above the bustling city center, Nakasero Hill holds a prominent place in Kampala’s history.
Its name, derived from “ebisero” (locally woven baskets), hints at its early importance as a trading hub.
While the vibrant Nakasero Market, established in 1895, has become synonymous with the hill, its significance extends beyond commerce.
Nakasero has been a center of political and social activity for decades. It’s home to the Ugandan Parliament Buildings, a testament to its role in the country’s governance.
The hill also boasts luxurious hotels, embassies, and residences, reflecting its status as an upscale and influential area within Kampala.
5. Old Kampala Hill: A Minaret to the Heavens
Old Kampala Hill holds a special place in the city’s history. It’s here that the Kabaka of Buganda, the traditional ruler, once resided.
The hill’s prominence is further cemented by the awe-inspiring Uganda National Mosque (Gaddafi Mosque), completed in 2006. This architectural masterpiece, the largest mosque in East Africa, offers breathtaking panoramic views of Kampala.
Beyond the mosque, Old Kampala Hill retains a significant cultural and historical presence. It’s a reminder of the Buganda Kingdom’s historical power and continues to be a vibrant center of religious and community life.
6. Namirembe Hill: Where History and Faith Collide
Namirembe Hill holds a significant place in Uganda’s Christian history.
It’s home to Namirembe Cathedral, or St. Paul’s Cathedral Namirembe, the oldest cathedral in Uganda.
Built between 1915 and 1919, this magnificent structure stands as a testament to the early days of Christianity in the country.
The cathedral’s architecture, a blend of Gothic and local influences, reflects the unique blend of cultures that shaped Uganda.
Beyond its religious significance, Namirembe Hill offers stunning panoramic views of the city, making it a popular destination for both locals and visitors.
7. Kololo Hill: The Birthplace of Independence
Kololo Hill holds a unique place in Kampala’s history. Its name, derived from the Acholi word “kololo” meaning “alone,” stems from the imprisonment of Rwot Awich, an Acholi chief, by the British in 1912.
This historical event has shaped the hill’s identity. It later became a prominent residential area for colonial officials and civil servants, reflecting the shifting power dynamics of the era.
Today, Kololo remains an affluent neighborhood, known for its elegant residences, embassies, and the iconic Kololo Independence Grounds, a significant national landmark.
The grounds also host national celebrations, from Independence Day to voter registration drives. Every corner of Kololo seems to echo with the cries of freedom and progress.
Why Seven Hills?
Originally, Kampala was founded on these seven hills, earning it the nickname “The City of Seven Hills.” As the city expanded, more hills were included, but these seven remain the cultural and historical foundation.
A City That Breathes History
Exploring the original seven hills of Kampala is like peeling back layers of Uganda’s history and culture. From the royal landmarks of Mengo to the academic prestige of Makerere, each hill has a story to tell.
So, next time you’re in Kampala, skip the usual tourist spots and take a deeper dive into its hills—you won’t just see a city; you’ll feel its soul.
