Uganda has taken a monumental step toward achieving a malaria-free nation by 2030 by introducing the malaria vaccine into its routine immunization program.
Malaria remains the leading cause of under-five mortality in Uganda, contributing to 14% of child deaths. Globally, Uganda ranks 3rd in malaria cases (5.1%) and 8th in malaria deaths (3.2%), according to the 2022 World Malaria Report.
This vaccine is a critical tool in reducing severe malaria, hospitalizations, and deaths, especially among children under five. Here’s what you need to know:
What Causes Malaria?
Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite, transmitted through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito.
Symptoms of Malaria
Common symptoms include:
- Fever
- Headache
- Chills
- Vomiting
Severe cases can lead to breathing difficulties, organ failure, or death.
Who Is Most at Risk?
Children under two years are most vulnerable to severe malaria.
How Does the Malaria Vaccine Work?
The vaccine stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies that prevent Plasmodium falciparum parasites from infecting liver cells, stopping the infection from progressing to severe illness.
Effectiveness of the Vaccine
- Reduces severe malaria cases and deaths.
- Lowers hospitalizations.
- Works best when combined with other preventive measures like insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying (IRS), and early treatment.
Is the Vaccine Safe?
Yes. The vaccine has undergone rigorous testing in clinical trials involving over 800,000 children across Africa.
Over 6 million children in Malawi, Kenya, Ghana, Cameroon, and South Sudan have received it since 2019. It is approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Uganda’s National Drug Authority.
Who Is Eligible?
- Children under one year, starting at six months.
- Four doses are required: at 6, 7, 9, and 18 months.
Why Start at Six Months?
By six months, infants lose the immunity passed from their mothers, making them highly vulnerable to malaria.
What If a Child Misses a Dose?
Incomplete vaccination reduces protection. Completing all four doses is crucial for optimal immunity.
Can Vaccinated Children Still Get Malaria?
Yes, but the vaccine significantly reduces the risk of severe malaria and death. Continued use of other preventive measures, like mosquito nets, is essential.
Side Effects
The vaccine is well-tolerated, with mild side effects like:
- Soreness at the injection site
- Mild fever
- Fatigue
These usually resolve within 1-2 days.
Where to Access the Vaccine
The vaccine will be available at all public and private health facilities offering routine immunization services and community outreach posts.
When Will the Vaccine Be Available?
The rollout begins in April 2025.
Is the Vaccine Free?
Yes, like all routine vaccines in Uganda.
Does It Replace Other Prevention Methods?
No. The vaccine complements existing measures like ITNs, IRS, and prompt treatment.
Can It Be Given with Other Vaccines?
Yes. Research shows it’s safe to administer alongside other vaccines on the same day.
Why Is This Vaccine Important?
Malaria is a leading cause of illness and death among Ugandan children. The vaccine saves lives, reduces healthcare burdens, and brings Uganda closer to its 2030 malaria-free goal.
